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The Cable Act of 1922

The Cable Act (also called The Married Women’s Independent Nationality Act) was passed by Congress in 1922. Previously, if an American woman married a foreign-born man, she lost her U.S. citizenship. (If an American man married a foreign-born woman, his citizenship was not affected.) The passing of the Cable Act provided that, in part (relevant to my grandma), US-born women married to foreign men who were eligible for naturalization could go through the naturalization process on their own merits; the women’s naturalization would not need to depend on the respective husband’s naturalization process.  Polly (my grandmother) married in 1917. She really fell right in between the Expatriation Act of 1907 and the Cable Act of 1922. Vincent did not become naturalized until 1928. I am not sure why my grandmother waited until 1930 to apply for naturalization. Under the 1922 Cable Act, Pauline could have applied for naturalization even without her husband doi...

Expatriation Act of 1907

Expatriation Act of 1907  Section 3 provided for loss of citizenship by American women who married aliens. [1] The Act states that an American woman who marries an alien would lose her citizenship and take on her husband’s nationality. In actuality, whether or not she could do this was dependent on the laws of the country to which her husband belonged. If there was no similar law granting derivative citizenship to a married woman, she would then become stateless. [15] [16] As a result of her loss of citizenship, she forfeited her constitutional rights and could be subject to deportation and denial of reentry to the United States. Her opportunities for employment would be restricted — for example ineligible for any kind of government work and, in some states, for teaching in a public school. During WWI, any woman married to a German national was required to register as an “ enemy alien ,” and was subject to having property confiscated by the U.S. government through the Offic...

My Great-Uncle Antoni

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Vincent's brother, Antoni, wrote a postcard to Vincent, telling him he misses him and that he is hoping to get out of the army soon. He says, "it's easier to get in than to get out."

Passenger book for the "S S Paris" 1928

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Certificate of US Citizenship, Vincent Borowski 1928

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Oath of Allegiance to US, Pauline Borowski 1933

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Petition for Citizenship, Pauline Borowski 1930

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